How do road conditions affect stopping distances?

Road conditions play a crucial role in determining how quickly a vehicle can come to a stop after the brakes are applied. When roads are wet, icy, or uneven, the friction between the vehicle's tires and the road surface decreases, which directly impacts the stopping distance.

On wet or icy roads, for instance, the tire-to-road traction is significantly reduced, which means the vehicle cannot stop as efficiently as it would on dry pavement. This loss of traction means that it takes longer for the vehicle to slow down and stop, thus increasing the stopping distance. Uneven road surfaces can also alter the stability and handling of a vehicle, further complicating the stopping process and potentially leading to longer stopping distances.

Therefore, understanding the effect of road conditions is vital for drivers to adjust their speeds and following distances accordingly, ensuring safety under various driving situations.